PAConsult
Hail impact test
What is the purpose of a hail impact test?
The purpose of a hail impact test is to test the resistance of a product or surface to hail impact. This test is particularly carried out on:
- Photovoltaic (PV) modules
- Vehicles
- Roof and facade materials
- Windows and roller shutters
- Airplanes
- Railroad applications
The main objective of hail impact testing is to ensure that the product can withstand the mechanical stresses caused by hail without being damaged or losing its function. withstands mechanical stress from hailstorms, without being damaged or losing its function.
Main objectives of the hail impact test:
- Compliance with product safety
– Hail damage can lead to dangerous situations, e.g., with broken glass or access to electrically hazardous parts in PV modules. - Verification of durability and quality
Manufacturers must demonstrate that their products can withstand environmental influences. - Certification and standards compliance
– Many industries require certifications according to applicable standards, e.g. IEC 61215 for PV modules. - Minimising warranty claims and complaints:
– Durable products cause less damage and therefore lower costs. - Insurance relevance
- Insurers often require proof of passed hail tests for insurance cover.
accredited standards:
- IEC 61215-2: 2021
- DIN EN 50125-1:2014
- DIN EN 50125-2: 2002
How is a hail impact test carried out?
There will be Ice cream scoops (artificial hail) with a defined size (e.g., 25 mm, 35 mm) and a velocity of up to a maximum of 40 m/s is fired at the test specimen.
The object is then examined for mechanical damage, functionality and tightness.
Do you have any questions about this topic or about normative requirements? Just get in touch with us. We look forward to hearing from you and will be happy to help.
Hail impact test procedure - step by step:
1. Preparation of the test specimen
- The object to be tested (e.g., a PV module, window, or car roof) is mounted on a test bench.
- The environment (temperature, humidity) is documented.
- In some cases, the object is measured beforehand and tested for function (e.g. power yield for PV modules).
2. production of the hailstones
- There will be Ice cream scoops manufactured in a standard size, e.g.:
- Ø 25 mm (typical test value)
- 50 mm (extreme hail)
- The balls are made of clear water and frozen to replicate real hailstones.
3. Bombardment with artificial hail
- ice cream scoops are made with the help of a Air pressure cannon shot at the object.
- Typical Impact speeds23–39 m/s (equivalent to real hail).
- The shelling is targeted – at critical points (e.g., corners, edges, transitions) at defined intervals or patterns.
4. After the impact test:
- The product is on visible damage inspected: cracks, dents, chipping, glass breakage, deformations.
- Here follows a Functionality Test, e.g.:
- PV Module: Performance Measurement, Insulation Test.
- Windows: Sealing test, opening mechanism.
- Vehicle: Paint inspection, sensor function.
5. Evaluation & Classification
- The product is considered according to the applied standard as files, when:
- It's not relevant mechanical damage exhibits.
- The Functionality remains completely intact.
- There are no security flaws.
Accredited testing laboratory PAConsult
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Dirk Paulsen
Technical management & sales
"I am personally at your side“
Dirk Paulsen has been with the company since 2007 and has been responsible for sales across all locations since 2024. As technical manager, he was and is significantly involved in the establishment and further development of our laboratories in Hamburg, Baden-Württemberg, Berlin and Switzerland. His many years of expertise and his cross-industry specialist knowledge of all testing methods make him the ideal contact person for complex and innovative projects.
"Whether standard tests or customized individual solutions. I am happy to help and advise you with any concerns - together we will find the best solution“
